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Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...
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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.

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Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa
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Published on: August 30, 2018

Ski mountaineering competition: fit for it?

Kai Schenk1, Martin Faulhaber, Hannes Gatterer

  • 1Department of Medicine, School of Sports Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. kai.schenk@yahoo.com

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
|March 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ski mountaineering competition demands high physical fitness, with athletes operating at high intensities near their maximal oxygen uptake. Higher body fat percentage correlated with more time spent at very high intensity and poorer race performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Physiology
  • Exercise Science
  • Mountain Sports

Background:

  • Ski mountaineering is an emerging endurance sport.
  • Understanding the physiological demands is crucial for training and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the physiological profile of elite ski mountaineers.
  • To quantify the physical exertion during ski mountaineering competitions.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive field study involving 9 male ski mountaineers during an international competition.
  • Physiological data including body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and heart rate during exercise were collected.
  • Exercise intensity distribution and respiratory symptoms were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Athletes exhibited high maximal oxygen uptake (68.18 ± 6.11 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) with ventilatory thresholds at 70.5% (VT1) and 90.9% (VT2) of VO2max.
  • Mean exercise intensity during competition was high (0.87 ± 0.02 ratio of mean HR to HRmax).
  • Higher body fat percentage was linked to increased time above VT2 and lower race rankings.

Conclusions:

  • Competitive ski mountaineering imposes significant cardiopulmonary stress.
  • High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are essential for success in this sport.
  • Body composition, specifically body fat percentage, may influence performance in high-intensity race segments.