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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Supernumerary teeth vary depending on gender.

Erika Calvano Küchler1, Adriana Gomes da Costa, Marcelo de Castro Costa

  • 1Biology Institute, Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.

Brazilian Oral Research
|March 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Supernumerary teeth (ST) are a common dental anomaly. Their patterns, including morphology and location, vary significantly by gender, offering insights into developmental origins.

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Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

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Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

Published on: May 7, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Supernumerary teeth (ST) represent a significant dental developmental anomaly.
  • Understanding ST morphology, location, and timing is crucial for elucidating their etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and report on the specific patterns of supernumerary teeth (ST) in a pediatric population.
  • To analyze the relationship between ST characteristics and demographic factors such as gender.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1,166 pediatric subjects' orthopantomograms.
  • Determination of ST morphology, location, and developmental timing for each case.

Main Results:

  • A prevalence of 2.3% for supernumerary teeth was observed.
  • The maxillary midline was the most frequent site (9 cases), often presenting with conical morphology.
  • Tuberculate supernumerary teeth were associated with delayed formation.
  • Gender-specific patterns were identified: midline ST were more common in males, while incisor region ST were more prevalent in females.

Conclusions:

  • Supernumerary tooth patterns exhibit significant variability.
  • Gender plays a role in the location and occurrence of supernumerary teeth.