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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Published on: October 7, 2020

Nitrogen-efficient rice cultivars can reduce nitrate pollution.

Khalid Rehman Hakeem1, Altaf Ahmad, Muhammad Iqbal

  • 1Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India. kur.hakeem@gmail.com

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|March 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice is crucial for reducing environmental pollution from excess fertilizer. This study identified key genetic traits, including high-affinity nitrate transporters and specific enzyme activities, that enhance NUE in rice cultivars.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Nitrogenous fertilizer pollution from agriculture is a significant environmental concern.
  • Rice cultivation, particularly in India, contributes to unused nitrogen fertilizer, causing economic and environmental losses.
  • Low nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in rice, which absorbs only 30-40% of applied nitrogen, exacerbates this issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify rice genotypes with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) capable of thriving under low nitrogen conditions.
  • To investigate the physiological and biochemical basis for the observed variability in NUE among different rice cultivars.
  • To provide insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing NUE in rice.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of diverse rice cultivars for NUE under varying nitrogen levels in nutrient solutions.
  • Detailed analysis of nitrate uptake kinetics, including the roles of low-affinity (LATS) and high-affinity transporter systems (HATS).
  • Enzymatic assays for nitrate assimilation pathway components (nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase) and measurement of soluble protein content.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in NUE was observed across different rice cultivars.
  • Nitrate uptake in N-inefficient cultivars was primarily mediated by LATS, while N-efficient cultivars utilized both LATS and HATS.
  • Activities of key nitrate assimilation enzymes and soluble protein content generally increased with nitrogen supply in less efficient cultivars but showed non-significant decreases in highly efficient ones.

Conclusions:

  • High-affinity transporter systems (HATS), high nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase activity, and soluble protein content are critical for high NUE in rice.
  • These identified parameters serve as valuable targets for marker-assisted selection in rice breeding programs.
  • Enhancing NUE in rice through genetic improvement can significantly reduce fertilizer waste, mitigate environmental degradation, and boost crop productivity.