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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors
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A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors

Published on: October 30, 2016

Temperature-sensitive mutant vaccines.

C R Pringle1

  • 1Biological Sciences Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|March 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Live poliovirus vaccines exhibit temperature sensitivity (ts), a trait linked to reduced neurovirulence. This ts phenotype, crucial for vaccine stability, is caused by specific genetic mutations, aiding in the control of poliomyelitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Live virus vaccines, particularly for poliomyelitis, often display temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotypes.
  • The Sabin oral poliovirus vaccines are highly successful examples of empirically derived attenuated live virus vaccines.
  • The ts phenotype in these vaccines correlates with reduced neurovirulence and is a marker for genetic stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of temperature sensitivity and its relationship with neurovirulence in poliovirus vaccines.
  • To identify specific mutations responsible for the ts phenotype and attenuation of poliovirus.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative nucleotide sequencing of the type-three poliovirus vaccine genome and its wild-type progenitor.
  • Analysis of virus recovered from a vaccine-associated paralysis case.
  • Construction and neurovirulence assay of recombinant viruses using infectious cDNA.

Main Results:

  • Only 10 nucleotide changes and three amino acid substitutions differentiate the type-three vaccine strain from its virulent wild-type progenitor.
  • A single nucleotide change (serine-to-phenylalanine at position 2034 in VP3) confers the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype.
  • Two specific mutations, including the one conferring ts, were identified as responsible for the loss of neurovirulence.

Conclusions:

  • The temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of the Sabin type-three poliovirus vaccine is conferred by a specific mutation.
  • This mutation, along with another, contributes to the reduced neurovirulence of the vaccine strain.
  • Understanding these genetic determinants is vital for monitoring vaccine stability and safety.