Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Peptide Bonds

Peptide Bonds

A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan biosynthesis begins in...

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...

What are Proteins?

What are Proteins?

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins and polypeptides are interchangeably used to refer to long chains of amino acids. However, polypeptides have a molecular weight of fewer than 10,000 daltons, while proteins have greater molecular weight. Polypeptides with less than 20 amino acids are called oligopeptides or simply peptides. Interactions among the constituent amino acid side chains of proteins help them fold into a stable 3-dimensional structure...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Eggerthella lenta bacteremia.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2014

Same author

Cross protection of a Mannheimia haemolytica A1 Lkt-/Pasteurella multocida ΔhyaE bovine respiratory disease vaccine against experimental challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica A6 in calves.

Vaccine·2012

Same author

Rat bite fever as a presenting illness in a patient with AIDS.

Infection·2011

Same author

Safety and efficacy of a maternal vaccine for the passive protection of broiler chicks against necrotic enteritis.

Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A·2010

Same author

Application of a bubble column for evaporative cooling and a simple procedure for determining the latent heat of vaporization of aqueous salt solutions.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2009

Same author

De-gassed water is a better cleaning agent.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2006

Same journal

Erratum to: Immunotherapeutic Approach to Cancer with Cutaneous DNA Vaccination.

Methods in molecular medicine·2015

Same journal

Methods for cancer gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Suppression of the human carcinoma phenotype by an antioncogene ribozyme.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Methods for the use of stromal cells for therapeutic gene therapy.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Methods for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to synovium in vivo.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Methods for gene transfer to synovium.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

Published on: June 20, 2014

Synthetic peptides.

¹Department of Biological Development, Mallinckrodt Veterinary Ltd., Harefield, UK.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|March 2, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored peptide immunization for vaccines, starting with tobacco mosaic virus in 1963. This early work demonstrated that synthetic peptides could mimic viral components to elicit protective immune responses.

More Related Videos

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Published on: June 28, 2019

Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology

Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology

Published on: May 15, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

Published on: June 20, 2014

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Published on: June 28, 2019

Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology

Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology

Published on: May 15, 2012

Area of Science:

Vaccinology
Immunology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Vaccine development aims for stability and specificity by targeting pathogen antigenic sites.
Peptides, short amino acid chains, can mimic these sites for novel vaccine design.
Early research on peptide immunization dates back to studies on tobacco mosaic virus.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of peptide immunization for creating effective vaccines.
To review the historical development and key milestones in peptide vaccine research.

Main Methods:

Historical literature review of peptide immunization studies.
Analysis of early experiments using peptide fragments from viruses like tobacco mosaic virus and MS2 bacteriophage.
Examination of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating peptide-induced immune responses.

Main Results:

Demonstrated neutralization of tobacco mosaic virus using antibodies against a hexapeptide fragment in 1963.
Observed peptide-induced antivirus antibodies against MS2 bacteriophage over a decade later.
Showcased the first in vivo protective immunity using a foot-and-mouth disease virus peptide in 1982.

Conclusions:

Peptide immunization has a long history, with early successes in viral neutralization.
Advancements in protein sequencing and peptide synthesis fueled intensive research in experimental peptide vaccines.
Peptides represent a viable strategy for developing defined and potentially more stable vaccines.