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Harvest and Primary Culture of Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Harvest and Primary Culture of Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Published on: September 8, 2023

Primary leptomeningeal plasmablastic lymphoma.

Marlon S Mathews¹, Daniela A Bota, Ronald C Kim

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.

Journal of Neuro-Oncology

|March 2, 2011

Summary

This study describes a rare primary leptomeningeal form of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient. Early consideration of neoplastic causes is crucial for diagnosing confusing CNS presentations in HIV-infected individuals.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Neurology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomas are typically aggressive B-cell types.
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon HIV-associated lymphoma with a predilection for the oral cavity.

Observation:

A case of primary leptomeningeal PBL in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient is presented.
The patient, an HIV-positive man, exhibited acute confusion, emesis, and altered mental status.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed atypical plasmacytes, and MRI showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement.

Findings:

Diagnostic biopsy confirmed sheets of plasmacytoid cells, characteristic of plasmablastic lymphoma.
Extensive systemic work-up did not reveal disease outside the central nervous system (CNS).
The presentation mimicked infectious meningitis, highlighting diagnostic challenges.

Implications:

This case expands the spectrum of CNS involvement by HIV-associated lymphomas.
Neurological surgeons must consider neoplastic processes in HIV-infected patients with meningeal enhancement, even when infection is suspected.
Routine CSF cytology and flow cytometry are recommended for diagnosing CNS malignancies in this population.