Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
Since the...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Complementary DNA01:44

Complementary DNA

Overview
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The versatility of the CHASE domain in one-component systems of c-di-GMP signal transduction from <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same author

Prolyl-isomerase Pin1 drives platinum resistance by regulating Notch3 stability and function in ovarian cancer.

Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR·2026
Same author

Synthesis of Peptides, Peptide Nucleic Acid Components, and Other Biogenic Compounds From a Three-Component Prebiotic Mixture.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Comparison of increased hydration, D-mannose, and antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infection prevention in premenopausal women: a three-arm randomized-controlled study.

International urology and nephrology·2025
Same author

The "Bagno dell'Acqua" Lake as a Novel Mars-like Analogue: Prebiotic Syntheses of PNA and RNA Building Blocks and Oligomers.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Yeast Oral Delivery of DAF16 shRNAs Results in Effective Gene Silencing in <i>C. elegans</i>.

Current issues in molecular biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing
14:15

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: November 18, 2014

Sequence complementarity-driven nonenzymatic ligation of RNA.

Samanta Pino1, Giovanna Costanzo, Alessandra Giorgi

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, Rome 00185, Italy.

Biochemistry
|March 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Two nonenzymatic RNA reactions in water create longer RNA strands and increase sequence complexity. These abiotic processes, terminal ligation and tandemization, enhance chemical diversity without cofactors.

More Related Videos

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Using Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Assay Nucleic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes
05:33

Using Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Assay Nucleic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes

Published on: July 5, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing
14:15

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: November 18, 2014

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Using Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Assay Nucleic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes
05:33

Using Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Assay Nucleic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes

Published on: July 5, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Origin of life studies
  • RNA biochemistry
  • Abiotic chemical evolution

Background:

  • Understanding the prebiotic conditions necessary for the emergence of life.
  • Investigating the potential for RNA to self-replicate and evolve before the advent of enzymes.
  • Exploring nonenzymatic RNA modifications in early Earth environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel nonenzymatic RNA reactions.
  • To demonstrate sequence-dependent RNA polymerization in water.
  • To assess the impact of these reactions on RNA chemical complexity and information content.

Main Methods:

  • Studying RNA G:C sequences in aqueous solutions.
  • Analyzing nonenzymatic terminal ligation of RNA.
  • Investigating complementary sequence adaptor-driven RNA tandemization.
  • Quantifying changes in Shannon information of RNA pools.

Main Results:

  • Observed sequence complementarity-driven terminal ligation of RNA nonenzymatically.
  • Demonstrated complementary sequence adaptor-driven multiple tandemization of RNA.
  • Showcased an increase in chemical complexity of the RNA pool.
  • Documented alterations in Shannon information of RNA sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Nonenzymatic RNA reactions can occur in simple aqueous environments.
  • These reactions contribute to the formation of longer and more complex RNA molecules.
  • Abiotic RNA polymerization and diversification are plausible mechanisms in early life scenarios.