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Wind Turbine Machine Models

Wind Turbine Machine Models

In the growing field of wind energy, incorporating wind turbine models into transient stability analysis is essential. Induction and synchronous machines are the primary models used, with induction machines being prevalent due to their simplicity and reliability.
Induction machines interact through the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator and the rotor. The key parameter is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is...

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume

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Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:

Moment-of-Momentum Equation

Moment-of-Momentum Equation

The moment-of-momentum equation is a critical tool for analyzing the torque produced by the rotating blades of a wind turbine. This equation is derived by applying Newton's second law to a fluid particle, which states that the rate of change of linear momentum is equal to the external force acting on the particle.

Generation of Three-Phase Voltage

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Turbine-Governor Control

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Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Published on: February 13, 2018

Is a wind turbine a point source? (L).

Rufin Makarewicz¹

¹Institute of Acoustics, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Umultowska 85, Poland. makaaku@amu.edu.pl

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|March 3, 2011

Summary

Wind turbine noise originates from the blades, not a central point source. The rotating blade plane is critical for noise reception, requiring specific conditions for accurate modeling, even at distances.

Area of Science:

Acoustics
Aerodynamics
Renewable Energy

Background:

Wind turbine noise is a significant environmental concern.
Current acoustic models often simplify noise sources, using a point source at hub height.
Blade-generated noise is the dominant contributor to overall sound emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the primary source of wind turbine noise.
To evaluate the validity of the point source model for wind turbine acoustics.
To identify critical receiver locations for accurate noise assessment.

Main Methods:

Analysis of field measurements of wind turbine noise.
Comparison of noise propagation models with empirical data.
Identification of geometric and aerodynamic conditions affecting noise perception.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Published on: February 13, 2018

Main Results:

Wind turbine noise is predominantly generated by the rotating blades.
The plane of rotating blades represents a critical receiver location due to proximity.
The commonly used point source model requires specific conditions to be valid, especially at close range.

Conclusions:

Rethinking acoustic modeling for wind turbines is necessary, focusing on blade noise.
Accurate noise prediction requires considering the blade plane as a critical zone.
The point source model's applicability is limited and depends on specific conditions.