Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive and...
Shock Waves01:16

Shock Waves

While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high pressures...
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Mirikizumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy in Chinese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Subpopulation Analysis of the Randomized, Global Phase 3 LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 Trials.

BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy·2026
Same author

Mirikizumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy in Chinese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Subpopulation Analysis of the Randomized, Global Phase 3 LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 Trials.

BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy·2026
Same author

Baseline Portal Vein Thrombosis does not Worsen Long-Term Outcomes After Technically Successful TIPS in Cirrhotic Variceal Bleeding: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology·2026
Same author

Androgen promotes oocyte development by upregulating gap junction intercellular communication activity in granulosa cells in mice.

PeerJ·2026
Same author

Dietary Supplementation with Organic Acids Improves Production Performance and Intestinal Health of Largemouth Bass.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

Virtual Reality Technology Reduces Pain and Anxiety in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Undergoing Peripheral Venous Catheterization: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
08:54

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Published on: February 13, 2018

Wind noise measured at the ground surface.

Jiao Yu1, Richard Raspet, Jeremy Webster

  • 1Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, 1013 North East 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105-6698, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes outdoor wind noise using Kraichnan's mirror flow model. Turbulence-shear interaction pressure is identified as the primary source of surface wind noise.

More Related Videos

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe
08:53

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

Published on: December 3, 2016

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
08:54

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

Published on: February 13, 2018

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe
08:53

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

Published on: December 3, 2016

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Meteorology

Background:

  • Outdoor wind noise is a significant factor in acoustic measurements.
  • Understanding turbulence and its interaction with surfaces is crucial for accurate data.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the complexities of surface-level wind noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze outdoor wind noise using Kraichnan's mirror flow model.
  • To predict turbulence spectrum behavior with height and turbulence-shear interaction pressure.
  • To validate theoretical predictions against experimental measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Applied Kraichnan's mirror flow model of anisotropic turbulence.
  • Developed predictions for turbulence spectrum with height.
  • Calculated turbulence-shear interaction pressure for various wind profiles and microphone geometries.
  • Compared theoretical results with flush and foam-covered microphone measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the applicability of the mirror flow model to outdoor turbulence.
  • Found that turbulence-shear interaction pressure is the dominant source of wind noise at the surface.
  • Measurements with foam coverings closely matched theoretical predictions.
  • Flush microphone measurements occasionally exceeded predictions, suggesting other noise sources.

Conclusions:

  • The mirror flow model effectively explains outdoor wind noise phenomena.
  • Turbulence-shear interaction pressure is the primary contributor to surface wind noise.
  • Further research is needed to account for additional noise sources observed in flush microphone data.