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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers
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An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers

Published on: October 23, 2018

Note: A portable pulsed neutron source based on the smallest sealed-type plasma focus device.

Ram Niranjan1, R K Rout, Prabhat Mishra

  • 1Applied Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India. niranjan@barc.gov.in

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A compact, sealed-type plasma focus (PF) device offers portable neutron generation. This small pulsed neutron source achieved a maximum yield of 7.8 × 10^4 neutrons/pulse, demonstrating potential for repetitive operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • Pulsed neutron sources are crucial for various scientific applications.
  • Existing sources can be large, complex, and costly.
  • Development of compact, portable neutron generators is highly desirable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and operate a portable, compact pulsed neutron source.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of a sealed-type plasma focus (PF) device for neutron production.
  • To characterize the performance and operational stability of the device.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sealed-type plasma focus (PF) device with a small effective volume (33 cm³).
  • Employed a compact capacitor (4 μF) as the energy driver and a battery-based power supply.
  • Operated the PF unit at 10 kV (200 J) with deuterium gas at 8 mb pressure.
  • Evaluated neutron energy using time-of-flight technique and measured neutron pulse width.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a maximum neutron yield of 7.8 × 10^4 neutrons/pulse.
  • Observed neutron emissions for 200 shots over 200 days without gas replacement.
  • Determined neutron energy at (2.49 ± 0.27) MeV and neutron pulse width at (24 ± 5) ns.
  • Yield dropped below the detector threshold after 200 shots.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sealed-type PF device is the smallest neutron-producing PF device reported.
  • The portable pulsed neutron source demonstrates potential for repetitive operation.
  • The device's compact size and operational stability are promising for field applications.