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Related Concept Videos

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
07:54

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Published on: December 15, 2011

Colonization-induced host-gut microbial metabolic interaction.

Sandrine P Claus1, Sandrine L Ellero, Bernard Berger

  • 1Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. sclaus@imperial.ac.uk

Mbio
|March 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colonizing germ-free mice with gut microbiota rapidly altered host metabolism, impacting liver function, lipid synthesis, and drug metabolism. Specific bacteria, like Coriobacteriaceae, were linked to these significant metabolic changes.

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An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
07:54

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Published on: December 15, 2011

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolic Systems Biology
  • Host-Microbe Interactions

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host metabolism, nutrient processing, and drug detoxification.
  • Understanding the host-gut microbiota interaction is vital for development of novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Gut microbial colonization influences host development, including immune and cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the systemic metabolic adaptations in axenic mice following colonization with a typical gut microbiota.
  • To identify specific microbial associations with host metabolic pathways, particularly hepatic lipid metabolism.
  • To explore the impact of gut microbiota on xenobiotic metabolism and pharmacokinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Axenic mice were colonized with a standard gut microbial community for 20 days.
  • High-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze metabolic profiles in urine, plasma, liver, kidney, and colon at five time points.
  • Microbial composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing.
  • Statistical modeling was employed to correlate microbial composition with host metabolic profiles.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota acquisition led to a rapid 4% increase in body weight within 5 days, accompanied by widespread metabolic pathway changes.
  • Colonization stimulated hepatic glycogenesis and triglyceride synthesis, altering bile acid metabolism (e.g., taurocholate, tauromuricholate).
  • Expression and activity of major drug-metabolizing enzymes (Cyp3a11, Cyp2c29) were significantly increased, with Coriobacteriaceae family strongly associated with hepatic lipid, glucose, glycogen levels, and xenobiotic metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota colonization profoundly influences host metabolic phenotype, including lipid and glucose metabolism.
  • The Coriobacteriaceae family is significantly associated with hepatic metabolic regulation and xenobiotic metabolism.
  • Microbiota manipulation holds potential for personalized healthcare by beneficially modulating host metabolism and drug pharmacokinetics.