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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Chronic rhinosinusitis as a multifactorial inflammatory disorder.

Stella Lee1, Andrew P Lane

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|March 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) involves long-term sinonasal inflammation. Its complex causes include microbial factors and immune defects, requiring further research into inflammatory pathways.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition with inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa lasting over 12 weeks.
  • CRS presents heterogeneously, with varied pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment responses.
  • Understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms is key to identifying CRS etiologies and therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifactorial nature of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of microbial elements and innate immunity defects in CRS.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into inflammatory regulation and resolution in CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of implicated inflammatory stimuli such as microbial elements, allergens, and irritants.
  • Examination of the role of host susceptibility and environmental factors in CRS development.

Main Results:

  • Microbial factors (fungi, staphylococcal enterotoxin, biofilms) and environmental factors are implicated in CRS.
  • Defects in innate immunity are increasingly recognized as contributors to chronic sinonasal inflammation.
  • CRS pathogenesis is considered multifactorial, involving a combination of host and environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • While progress has been made in understanding CRS, its precise triggers and regulatory pathways remain incompletely elucidated.
  • Further research is needed to unravel the complex inflammatory processes affecting sinonasal mucosal homeostasis in CRS.
  • Identifying specific disease definitions and universal triggers is crucial for advancing CRS research and treatment.