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Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...

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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

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Human coronavirus NL63: a clinically important virus?

Burtram C Fielding1

  • 1Molecular Virology Research Laboratory, Medical Microbiology Cluster, Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa. bfielding@uwc.ac.za

Future Microbiology
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) causes respiratory tract infections in children and adults. This review covers HCoV-NL63

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Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health concern, particularly in young children.
  • Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are increasingly recognized as significant causes of both upper and lower RTIs.
  • Five HCoV types infect humans, with four circulating persistently in the population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63).
  • To focus on clinical features, prevalence, seasonal incidence, and coinfections associated with HCoV-NL63.
  • To highlight the impact of HCoV-NL63 on vulnerable populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on HCoV-NL63.
  • Analysis of reported clinical cases and epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of information on prevalence and coinfection patterns.

Main Results:

  • HCoV-NL63, identified in 2004, is a common cause of RTIs worldwide.
  • It is associated with severe lower respiratory tract infections, croup, and bronchiolitis, especially in children.
  • HCoV-NL63 affects children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, accounting for 1.0-9.3% of pediatric RTIs.

Conclusions:

  • HCoV-NL63 is an important respiratory pathogen with significant clinical implications.
  • Understanding its epidemiology and clinical presentation is crucial for disease management.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of HCoV-NL63 and its coinfections.