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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
08:49

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Published on: May 18, 2018

Thin melanoma.

David E Elder1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, USA. elder@mail.med.upenn.edu

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prognostic models help identify high-risk thin melanomas, improving early diagnosis and patient outcomes. Despite good overall prognosis, some thin melanomas can metastasize, necessitating advanced risk stratification.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Malignant melanoma incidence is rising, with many diagnosed melanomas classified as "thin" based on Breslow criteria.
  • While generally having a good prognosis, a subset of thin melanomas can metastasize and be fatal.
  • Prognostic models, including American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria, aid in identifying these high-risk cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of prognostic modeling in melanoma.
  • To specifically focus on the evolution of prognostic concepts for thin melanomas.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of selected studies on melanoma prognostic modeling.

Main Results:

  • Prognostic models for melanoma emerged approximately 40 years ago.
  • Clark's levels of invasion and Breslow thickness remain key prognostic indicators, with thickness being the most significant.
  • Melanomas <0.76 mm (Breslow) or <1.0 mm (AJCC) generally have a good prognosis, though exceptions exist.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariable models can now differentiate prognosis within the "thin melanoma" group, ranging from near 100% to 70% disease-free survival.
  • Prognosis correlates with increasing thickness, modified by factors like ulceration and mitotic rate.
  • Continued research into prognostic criteria for thin melanomas drives improvements in early diagnosis and overall melanoma survival rates.