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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Introduction to the Integumentary System01:25

Introduction to the Integumentary System

The integumentary system is the organ system that comprises the skin and its associated structures. It is the largest system in the human body and plays a crucial role in protecting and maintaining homeostasis. The integumentary system serves several functions including protection, regulation, sensation, and secretion.
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Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

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Published on: September 7, 2013

Carotenoids in human skin.

Juergen Lademann1, Martina C Meinke, Wolfram Sterry

  • 1Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. juergen.lademann@charite.de

Experimental Dermatology
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Skin carotenoid levels, measured non-invasively, indicate antioxidant status and reflect lifestyle choices. Higher skin antioxidant levels correlate with reduced signs of premature skin aging, like wrinkles.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and biochemistry
  • Focus on skin aging and antioxidant research

Background:

  • Antioxidant-free radical interactions are key to preventing skin aging.
  • Carotenoids are crucial markers for the skin's antioxidative network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare studies on carotenoid antioxidants and free radicals in human skin.
  • To highlight the link between skin carotenoid levels, lifestyle, and skin aging.

Main Methods:

  • Non-invasive online measurement of skin carotenoids using resonance Raman spectroscopy.
  • Review and comparison of existing study results.

Main Results:

  • Skin carotenoid concentration directly reflects individual lifestyle and diet.
  • Healthy diets increase carotenoid levels, while stress factors (UV, smoking) decrease them.
  • Higher tissue antioxidant levels are associated with less premature skin aging and reduced wrinkle depth.

Conclusions:

  • Skin carotenoid measurements are valuable for developing anti-aging strategies.
  • This non-invasive method aids in medical diagnostics and therapy control for skin health.