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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Globalization and modernization: an obesogenic combination.

L Huneault1, M-È Mathieu, A Tremblay

  • 1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Globalization and modernization increase stress, reduce sleep, and disrupt cortisol and glucose levels, leading to weight gain. This socioeconomic context promotes obesity by increasing food intake and decreasing energy expenditure.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obesity Research
  • Socioeconomic Health Impacts

Background:

  • Animal studies link corticosteroid variations to body fat accumulation and obesity.
  • Adrenalectomy effectively counteracts weight gain in animal models of obesity.
  • Human studies face challenges demonstrating the link between corticosteroids, stress, and obesity predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose that globalization and modernization accentuate the relationship between corticosteroids and obesity.
  • To hypothesize that increased knowledge-based work and reduced sleep quality/duration elevate cortisol and glucose instability.
  • To link these physiological changes to increased food intake, reduced energy expenditure, and body fat gain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on corticosteroids, obesity, globalization, and socioeconomic factors.
  • Hypothesis formulation based on proposed physiological and environmental interactions.
  • Socioeconomic analysis of modern labor contexts and lifestyle changes.

Main Results:

  • Globalization and modernization create stressful labor environments and alter life habits, promoting positive energy balance.
  • Increased knowledge-based work and decreased sleep duration/quality elevate cortisol and glucose instability.
  • These changes contribute to increased food intake, reduced energy expenditure, and subsequent body fat gain.

Conclusions:

  • The socioeconomic pressures of globalization and modernization create a conflict between economic demands and healthy lifestyles.
  • This conflict drives physiological changes (cortisol, glucose instability) that promote obesity.
  • Addressing these socioeconomic factors is crucial for mitigating obesity in modern societies.