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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
13:24

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

[Cancer genome analysis through next-generation sequencing].

Hiroyuki Aburatani1

  • 1Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing advances cancer genomics by improving detection of somatic alterations. This technology is crucial for developing precise diagnostic tests and personalized cancer treatments.

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Detection of Targetable Alterations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer using Next-generation Sequencing
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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
13:24

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing
11:02

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

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Detection of Targetable Alterations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer using Next-generation Sequencing
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Detection of Targetable Alterations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: October 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomic medicine
  • Cancer genomics
  • Molecular diagnostics

Context:

  • Cancer arises from accumulated genomic and epigenomic alterations.
  • Specific genetic alterations like BCR-ABL translocation and EGFR mutations are key therapeutic targets.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized cancer genomics.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the advancements in cancer genomics driven by next-generation sequencing.
  • To emphasize the role of NGS in detecting various somatic cancer genome alterations.
  • To discuss the future impact of NGS on cancer diagnostics and personalized treatment.

Summary:

  • NGS technologies, including whole-genome, whole-exome, and whole-transcriptome sequencing, enhance the detection of somatic alterations.
  • These alterations include nucleotide substitutions, small insertions/deletions, copy number variations, and chromosomal rearrangements.
  • International cancer genome projects are coordinating large-scale studies.

Impact:

  • NGS is poised to significantly impact cancer diagnostics, enabling more accurate genetic tests.
  • The technology will accelerate the development of biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy.
  • Improved detection of cancer genome alterations facilitates targeted treatment strategies.