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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Two-dimensional grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging using Fourier transform phase retrieval.

Hidenosuke Itoh1, Kentaro Nagai, Genta Sato

  • 1Frontier Research Center, Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan. itoh.hidenosuke@canon.co.jp

Optics Express
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel single-shot, two-dimensional X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique. It enables clear visualization of soft tissues and cartilage with differential phase variation in two dimensions.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Published on: October 11, 2016

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

Published on: September 29, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • X-ray imaging is crucial for non-destructive analysis.
  • Phase-contrast imaging enhances soft tissue visualization.
  • Grating-based interferometry offers high sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-shot, two-dimensional (2D) grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging method.
  • To improve the imaging of soft tissues and cartilage.
  • To enable imaging of both entire objects and inner structures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a checkerboard phase grating for π phase modulation at 17 keV and 35 keV.
  • Creation of a lattice-shaped amplitude grating for X-ray shielding up to 35 keV.
  • Utilizing Fourier analysis of Moiré fringes for 2D differential phase-contrast imaging in a single exposure.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful single-shot, 2D grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging.
  • Clearly visualized soft tissues and cartilages in a chicken wing sample.
  • Observed differential phase variation in two dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides high-contrast 2D phase-contrast imaging with a single exposure.
  • This technique effectively visualizes fine details in soft biological tissues.
  • The imaging approach allows for flexible selection of imaging regions, from whole objects to inner parts.