Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2026
11:24
Direct Protein Delivery to Mammalian Cells Using Cell-permeable Cys2-His2 Zinc-finger Domains
Published on: March 25, 2015
Transdermal delivery of proteins.
Haripriya Kalluri1, Ajay K Banga
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
AAPS Pharmscitech
|March 4, 2011
Summary
Transdermal protein delivery bypasses injections. Various enhancement techniques overcome skin barriers for effective peptide and protein delivery, with combinations showing synergistic effects.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Dermatology
Background:
- Parenteral administration of peptides and proteins presents challenges.
- The skin's stratum corneum limits passive transdermal transport of large, hydrophilic molecules.
- Alternative routes like pulmonary and nasal delivery have their own drawbacks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review enhancement techniques for transdermal peptide and protein delivery.
- To discuss the mechanisms, sterility, and commercial aspects of these techniques.
- To explore the potential of combined enhancement strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on transdermal delivery enhancement techniques.
- Analysis of methods including chemical enhancers, iontophoresis, microneedles, electroporation, sonophoresis, and various ablation techniques.
- Discussion of noninvasive jet injectors and combination approaches.
Main Results:
- Multiple techniques effectively overcome the skin barrier for protein delivery.
- Each method employs distinct mechanisms to facilitate transport.
- Sterility requirements and commercialization pathways are critical considerations.
- Combinations of techniques can yield enhanced, synergistic delivery effects.
Conclusions:
- Transdermal delivery offers a viable alternative to parenteral routes for peptides and proteins.
- Various enhancement technologies are available to facilitate skin permeation.
- Further research into combined strategies may optimize protein delivery efficacy and commercial viability.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
01:16Drug Delivery: Overview
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
01:24Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
01:28Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices
Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...