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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Muscles that Move the Leg

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Pivot Bearings

Pivot Bearings

In mechanical systems, bearings are crucial in facilitating relative motion between two components while minimizing friction and wear. They help distribute various loads (radial, axial or a combination of both loads) across machinery parts, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.
A pivot bearing is a specialized type of bearing designed to support axial loads on a rotating shaft. The bearing surface, or the pivot, is positioned at the end of a shaft to support the axial thrust. The pivot may...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Knee braces can decrease tibial rotation during pivoting that occurs in high demanding activities.

Dimitrios Giotis¹, Vasilios Tsiaras, Stavros Ristanis

¹Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA

|March 4, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Knee braces significantly reduce tibial rotation during demanding activities. This finding suggests potential benefits for individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Orthopedics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Tibial rotation is a critical factor in knee joint stability.
High-demand activities can impose significant rotational and translational loads on the knee.
Understanding factors that influence tibial rotation is crucial for injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of knee braces in reducing tibial rotation.
To compare the effects of prophylactic and patellofemoral braces on tibial rotation.
To investigate brace effectiveness during simulated high-demand activities.

Main Methods:

In vivo three-dimensional kinematic analysis was performed on 21 healthy, physically active males.
Subjects undertook stair descent with pivoting and platform landing with pivoting tasks.
Three conditions were tested: prophylactic brace, patellofemoral brace, and unbraced.

Main Results:

Prophylactic bracing significantly decreased tibial rotation in both tasks compared to sleeved and unbraced conditions.
The patellofemoral brace also showed a significant reduction in tibial rotation compared to the unbraced condition.
Both brace types demonstrated effectiveness in limiting tibial rotation during high-demand activities.

Conclusions:

Knee braces effectively decrease tibial rotation under combined rotational and translational forces.
These findings suggest that knee braces may be beneficial for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-reconstructed and ACL-deficient patients.
Bracing could play a role in preventing knee injuries associated with excessive tibial rotation.