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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450 isoenzymes,...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

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An overview of molecular diagnosis of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

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Evaluation of chimerism in DNA samples by PCR amplification of D1S80 with detection by capillary electrophoresis.

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Association of the prothrombin G20210A mutation with factor V Leiden in a midwestern American population.

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Analysis of CYP21 coding polymorphisms in three ethnic populations: further evidence of nonamplifying CYP21 alleles among whites.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

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Published on: April 4, 2018

Genotyping of apolipoprotein e.

I C Ozturk1, N Akel, A A Killeen

  • 1Department of Pathology, University, of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is a plasma protein crucial for cholesterol transport. It is found in various lipoproteins, playing a key role in lipid metabolism.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is a significant plasma protein.
  • It plays a critical role in the transport of cholesterol.
  • Apo E is associated with multiple lipoprotein classes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Apolipoprotein E in cholesterol transport.
  • To detail the association of apo E with different lipoproteins.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of apo E structure and function.
  • Lipoprotein analysis to determine apo E presence.

Main Results:

  • Apolipoprotein E is a 299-amino acid protein.
  • Confirmed the presence of apo E in chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, and HDL.

Conclusions:

  • Apolipoprotein E is integral to cholesterol transport mechanisms.
  • Its distribution across various lipoproteins highlights its systemic role in lipid regulation.