Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance in vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents

Lígia Cardoso dos Reis1, Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó, Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques

  • 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil. ligiacreis@usp.br

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|March 5, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents is linked to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Protease inhibitors (PI) were associated with higher triglycerides, suggesting potential metabolic complications.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for managing HIV infection in children.
  • Long-term effects of ART on metabolic health in perinatally HIV-infected youth require further investigation.
  • Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are potential complications of ART.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the influence of ART on lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity in perinatally HIV-infected Brazilian children and adolescents.
  • To assess age-related differences in metabolic parameters among pediatric HIV patients on ART.
  • To identify associations between ART regimens, particularly protease inhibitors (PIs), and metabolic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 119 perinatally HIV-infected Brazilian patients aged 6-19 years.
  • Analysis of lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, LDL-c, and triglycerides (TG).
  • Assessment of insulin sensitivity using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of dyslipidemia: 81.4% inadequate HDL-c, 33.9% high TC, 9.7% high LDL-c, 35.6% high TG.
  • Significant age-related differences in TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c concentrations.
  • Insulin resistance (HOMA index) found in 16.7% of patients, with higher prevalence in children (33.3%) vs. adolescents (12.5%).
  • Significant association between high TG and ART regimens containing PIs (P=0.0003).

Conclusions:

  • Perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents on ART exhibit a high prevalence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.
  • Children show a greater prevalence of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia compared to adolescents.
  • ART, especially PI-containing regimens, may contribute to metabolic complications in this population.

More Related Videos

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...