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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

Alzheimer's disease.

Clive Ballard1, Serge Gauthier, Anne Corbett

  • 1Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK. clive.ballard@kcl.ac.uk

Lancet (London, England)
|March 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease affects millions globally, necessitating better understanding of its causes, diagnosis, and risk factors. This overview highlights recent evidence and discusses potential strategies for risk reduction.

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, impacting an estimated 24 million people worldwide.
  • AD poses a significant public health challenge, underscoring its status as a research priority.
  • Current treatments manage AD symptoms, but disease-modifying therapies require a deeper understanding of pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent evidence on Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To discuss epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
  • To explore potential risk reduction strategies for AD and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of AD pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic advancements, including biomarkers and neuroimaging.
  • Examination of identified risk and protective factors for AD and dementia.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding AD risk and protective factors.
  • Ongoing development in diagnostic methods, with a need for biomarker consensus.
  • Evidence suggests potential for interventions to lower AD risk.
  • Licensed treatments offer symptomatic relief but not disease modification.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is crucial for developing disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
  • Enhanced diagnostic tools, including validated biomarker panels, are needed.
  • Understanding and mitigating risk factors are key to reducing the burden of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.