Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Dorsoventral hippocampus neural assemblies reactivate during sleep following an aversive experience.

Nature neuroscience·2026

Same author

Neuronal spiking in the mammalian forebrain is dominated by a heterogeneous ground state.

Neuron·2026

Same author

Adaptive communication between cell assemblies and "reader" neurons shapes flexible brain dynamics.

PLoS biology·2025

Same author

Excitatory glycine receptors control ventral hippocampus synaptic plasticity and anxiety-related behaviors.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Same author

Heterogeneous Multiscale Multivariate Autoregressive Model: existence, sparse estimation and application to functional connectivity in neuroscience.

Journal of mathematical biology·2025

Same author

Sweet dreams are made of this: How emotions influence sleep-dependent consolidation of perceptual memories.

Neuron·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

Hippocampal ripples and memory consolidation.

Gabrielle Girardeau¹, Michaël Zugaro

¹CNRS-Collège de France, LPPA, UMR7152, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

|March 5, 2011

Summary

Hippocampal ripples during sleep and rest replay waking activity, aiding memory consolidation. Further research is needed to understand the selection of neuronal assemblies and the function of awake ripples.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Memory Research

Background:

The hippocampus generates high-frequency oscillations called ripples during slow wave sleep and quiet wakefulness.
Pyramidal neurons within the hippocampus replay previously experienced waking activity during these ripples in a compressed timeframe.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of hippocampal ripples and neuronal reactivation in memory consolidation.
To investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying memory reorganization and transfer to neocortical structures.

Main Methods:

Analysis of high-frequency field oscillations (ripples) in the hippocampus.
Examination of neuronal firing patterns and reactivation during sleep and quiet wakefulness.

More Related Videos

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Main Results:

Reactivated firing patterns during ripples occur in compressed time windows, facilitating synaptic plasticity.
This process supports the strengthening and reorganization of memory traces.
Evidence confirms a causal role for ripples and neuronal reactivation in memory consolidation during rest and sleep.

Conclusions:

Hippocampal ripples are crucial for memory consolidation by facilitating synaptic plasticity and information transfer.
Further investigation is required to elucidate the mechanisms of reactivated assembly selection and the specific functions of awake ripples.