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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

Velocity navigator for motion compensated thermometry.

Florian Maier1, Axel J Krafft, Joshua P Yung

  • 1Medical Physics in Radiology (E020), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. f.maier@dkfz.de

Magma (New York, N.Y.)
|March 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new velocity-sensitive navigator technique reduces errors in MR thermometry caused by breathing motion. This method, using a Kalman filter, improves temperature accuracy, making it suitable for monitoring thermal ablations.

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Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
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Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation

Published on: January 5, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
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Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
06:33

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation

Published on: January 5, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) thermometry is susceptible to motion artifacts, particularly from breathing.
  • These motion-induced phase differences can lead to inaccurate temperature measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel velocity-sensitive navigator technique for triggering MR thermometry acquisition.
  • To improve the accuracy of MR thermometry by mitigating motion artifacts.

Main Methods:

  • Modified segmented echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence for velocity-triggered temperature mapping.
  • Triggering based on estimated velocity (< 0.2 cm/s) during the slowdown phase.
  • Real-time Kalman filter applied to velocity navigator data to remove pulsation spikes.

Main Results:

  • Phantom experiment showed a temperature rise of +37.3°C with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.3°C for periodic motion.
  • Volunteer experiment yielded an RMSE of 2.7°C for the triggered technique versus 2.9°C for breath-hold acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • The velocity navigator with real-time Kalman filtering significantly enhances temperature accuracy compared to non-triggered methods.
  • The technique demonstrates comparability to breath-held acquisitions and potential clinical application for monitoring thermal ablations in abdominal organs.