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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction01:32

PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

Overview
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
PCR01:32

PCR

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
08:26

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Analysis of HSV-DNA and RNA Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction.

R Ramakrishnan1, D J Fink, M Levine

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|March 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detects herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA and RNA in tissues. Quantitative PCR, using internal standards, estimates viral genome and transcript numbers, even during latency.

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Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
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Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Published on: January 23, 2014

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
04:41

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses

Published on: November 5, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
08:26

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
13:22

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Published on: January 23, 2014

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
04:41

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses

Published on: November 5, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can establish latent infections in nervous system tissues.
  • Detecting HSV DNA and RNA during latency is crucial for understanding viral persistence.
  • Traditional methods like hybridization have limitations in sensitivity and cellular localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for sensitive detection of HSV nucleic acids.
  • To adapt PCR for quantitative analysis of HSV genomes and transcripts in tissue samples.
  • To explore the application of in situ PCR for identifying latently infected cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized standard PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for HSV DNA and RNA detection.
  • Incorporated mutated templates as internal standards for quantitative PCR (qPCR).
  • Applied in situ PCR to tissue sections for cellular localization of HSV genomes.

Main Results:

  • PCR demonstrated higher sensitivity than hybridization for HSV DNA and RNA detection.
  • Quantitative PCR provided estimates of HSV genome and transcript numbers in tissue extracts.
  • In situ PCR successfully identified individual cells harboring HSV genomes, including during latency.

Conclusions:

  • PCR is a highly sensitive method for detecting HSV nucleic acids in various tissues.
  • Quantitative PCR and in situ PCR offer powerful tools for studying HSV latency and pathogenesis.
  • These molecular techniques advance the understanding of HSV infection dynamics in the nervous system.