Plasmatic levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in drowning. A pilot study

Bodies found in water may cause problems for forensic pathologists who have to differentiate drowning from postmortem immersion or fresh from salt water drowning. The exact physiopathology of drowning is still controversial and complementary tests can not exactly establish the exact cause of death if macroscopic findings at autopsy are not conclusive. We have employed atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as a marker in an experimental series of fresh and salt water drowning, comparing their results with a non-drowned control series. There are differences between the plasma basal levels of the control series (79 pg/ml) and the levels in animals drowned in fresh water (358 pg/ml, P less than 0.001) and between control and rabbits drowned in salt water (190 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). According to these values, there are also differences between fresh and salt water drowned animals (P less than 0.001). We propose this peptide as a new marker in cases of drowning, with the ability to differentiate drowning from postmortem immersion and fresh from salt water drowning.