DNA-Based Immunization of Neonatal Mice

Immunization of neonates carries three inherent questions: (i) Is the neonatal immune system mature enough to elicit an immune response, and if not, how early can immunization be carried out? (ii) If an immune response is not elicited, will tolerance be induced? (iii) Can offspring of immune mothers be immunized against an antigen despite high levels of passively transferred maternal antibodies to that antigen?