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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface
08:19

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

Maternal inflammation in spontaneous term labor.

Elizabeth Ramsey Unal1, Jill T Cierny, Chantel Roedner

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Maternal inflammation markers, including interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, are elevated before spontaneous term labor onset. Higher levels correlate with shorter latency to delivery.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface
08:19

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A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
08:50

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development

Published on: June 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Spontaneous term labor onset is a complex physiological process.
  • Maternal inflammation is implicated in labor initiation, but specific peripheral markers require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between peripheral maternal inflammatory markers and the spontaneous onset of term labor.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study involved 607 term nulliparous women.
  • Maternal serum cytokine levels (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were measured.
  • Comparison of cytokine levels between women who delivered within 48 hours (cases) and those who delivered after 14 days (controls).

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher median levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed in cases compared to controls.
  • Latency to delivery was inversely correlated with IL-1 and TNF-α levels, but not with IL-6.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral maternal proinflammatory markers increase preceding spontaneous term labor.
  • These inflammatory markers may serve as potential indicators for labor onset.