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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

CXCR3 in T cell function.

Joanna R Groom1, Andrew D Luster

  • 1Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Experimental Cell Research
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 guides T cell movement and function, particularly for Th1 and CD8 T cells. It plays a key role in immune responses and the generation of effector and memory cells.

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Published on: March 10, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

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Published on: January 22, 2020

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4
06:56

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4

Published on: March 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor highly expressed on effector T cells.
  • It is crucial for T cell trafficking and function.
  • CXCR3 is activated by interferon-inducible ligands: CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of CXCR3 in T cell migration and immune responses.
  • To highlight CXCR3's function in Th1-type inflammation and T cell interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early and recent studies on CXCR3 function.
  • Analysis of T cell trafficking and immune cell interactions mediated by CXCR3.

Main Results:

  • CXCR3 is rapidly induced upon T cell activation and remains high on Th1 CD4(+) and effector CD8(+) T cells.
  • CXCR3 facilitates T cell migration to inflammatory sites and establishes Th1 amplification loops.
  • CXCR3 mediates T cell migration within tissues and lymphoid compartments, promoting T cell-APC interactions.

Conclusions:

  • CXCR3 is essential for effector T cell trafficking and function in inflammatory conditions.
  • CXCR3 signaling is critical for generating effective adaptive immune responses, including effector and memory cell formation.