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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
Published on: April 2, 2012
Different characteristics of human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis between primary infection and viral reactivation
Yoshiki Kawamura1, Ken Sugata, Masaru Ihira
1Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 4701192, Japan.
Background:
Pathogenesis of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) encephalitis, in particular difference between HHV-6 encephalitis at the time of primary infection and reactivation remains unclear.
Objectives:
To elucidate the mechanism of HHV-6 encephalitis at the time of primary infection and reactivation.
Study Design:
Twenty-two HHV-6 encephalitis patients at the time of primary infection, 6 febrile convulsion (FC) patients caused by HHV-6 infection, and 14 FC patients without HHV-6 infection (non HHV-6 FC) were enrolled. Additionally, 7 stem cell transplant recipients with HHV-6 encephalitis and eight adult controls were also enrolled in this study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HHV-6 DNA copy numbers and biomarkers levels were compared.
Results:
Low copy number of CSF HHV-6 DNA was detected in 7 of the 22 patients with HHV-6 encephalitis in primary infection, whereas all seven CSF samples collected from post-transplant HHV-6 encephalitis patients contained high viral DNA copy numbers (P<0.001). CSF concentrations of IL-6 (P=0.032), IL-8 (P=0.014), MMP-9 (P=0.004), and TIMP-1 (P=0.002) were significantly higher in patients with HHV-6 encephalitis in primary infection than non-HHV-6 FC. CSF IL-6 (P=0.008), IL-8 (P=0.015), and IL-10 (P=0.019) concentrations were significantly higher in patients with post-transplant HHV-6 encephalitis than adult controls.
Conclusion:
The present study suggests that the characteristics of HHV-6 encephalitis are different between HHV-6 encephalitis at the time of primary infection and reactivation in transplant recipients.
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