Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal associations between volatility priors and delusions in individuals recovering from an acute psychotic episode.

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging·2026
Same author

Excessive Switching in OCD and Paranoia Arises From Different Deficits in Belief-Updating.

Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Cell-type-specific bidirectional modulation of the cortico-thalamo-cortical sensory pathway by transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS).

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Anhedonia and Anxious Arousal Are Associated With Distinct Expectations About the Statistics of a Volatile Environment.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026
Same author

Acute Sleep Deprivation in Adolescence Produces Transcriptional Changes in the Orexin System and Regulates Motivation for Reward.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026
Same author

A Distinct Adolescent Profile for Activity and Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens during Pavlovian Conditioning.

eNeuro·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Aberrant learning and memory in addiction.

Mary M Torregrossa1, Philip R Corlett, Jane R Taylor

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug addiction is a brain disease causing lasting changes in learning and memory. This review explores how substance abuse alters neural circuits, affecting behavior and treatment strategies.

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Drug addiction is increasingly recognized as a brain disease, not a moral failing.
  • Addictive substances induce persistent changes in brain structure and function.
  • Genetic and environmental factors influence vulnerability to addiction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical and preclinical evidence of altered learning and memory in addiction.
  • To explore the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying addiction-related cognitive deficits.
  • To identify factors contributing to addiction vulnerability and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies on learning and memory in addicted individuals.
  • Examination of preclinical research on the effects of drugs of abuse on brain function.
  • Analysis of molecular, neurobiological, genetic, and environmental factors in addiction.

Main Results:

  • Addicted individuals exhibit altered learning and memory, particularly regarding drug-related information.
  • Drugs of abuse may enhance drug-related learning while impairing learning about negative consequences.
  • Evidence suggests a progressive disorder of learning and memory associated with substance abuse.

Conclusions:

  • Addiction involves significant, long-lasting alterations in brain learning and memory processes.
  • Understanding these neurobiological changes is crucial for developing effective addiction treatments.
  • Targeting learning and memory mechanisms offers potential therapeutic strategies for addiction.