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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Comorbid ADHD and DCD: examining cognitive functions using the WISC-IV.

Pek Ru Loh1, Jan P Piek, Nicholas C Barrett

  • 1School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia. P.loh@curtin.edu.au

Research in Developmental Disabilities
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) show poorer perceptual reasoning, unlike those with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This suggests distinct cognitive profiles for ADHD and DCD, questioning a shared cause for their comorbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) frequently co-occur in children.
  • The underlying reasons for this comorbidity, specifically shared etiological factors, remain debated.
  • Understanding distinct cognitive profiles is crucial for accurate diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive performance differences in children with ADHD and/or DCD.
  • To examine the specific cognitive deficits associated with ADHD, DCD, and their comorbidity.
  • To evaluate the common etiology hypothesis for ADHD and DCD comorbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) to assess cognitive abilities.
  • Included 62 children aged 9 years 8 months to 12 years 7 months.
  • Grouped participants into Comparison, ADHD, DCD, and ADHD+DCD categories, assessing ADHD symptoms and motor abilities via validated scales.

Main Results:

  • Children in the DCD and ADHD+DCD groups exhibited significantly poorer perceptual reasoning compared to the comparison group.
  • The ADHD-only group did not show significant deficits in perceptual reasoning.
  • Findings suggest visuo-spatial deficits may underlie DCD, but not necessarily ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive profiles differ between ADHD and DCD, indicating distinct underlying mechanisms.
  • The results do not support a common etiological factor for the comorbidity of ADHD and DCD.
  • Highlights the importance of differentiating cognitive abilities in comorbid conditions for tailored support.