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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Management of lower urinary tract dysfunction: a stepwise approach.

Matthew Thom1, Mary Campigotto, Vijaya Vemulakonda

  • 1Pediatric Urology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis Children's Hospital, 4990 Children's Place, Suite 1120, Box 8242, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. thomm@wudosis.wustl.edu

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Behavioral modification effectively treats pediatric lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in over half of children. For persistent symptoms, medications like alpha blockers or anticholinergics, and rarely botulinum toxin, offer further improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Urodynamics
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction is common in children.
  • Effective management strategies are crucial for improving quality of life.
  • Current treatment algorithms require refinement for optimal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate management patterns for pediatric LUT dysfunction.
  • To establish a treatment algorithm for guiding healthcare providers.
  • To stratify patients based on symptoms for targeted therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 390 children with non-neurogenic LUT dysfunction was studied.
  • Patients were categorized into three groups based on urinary incontinence (UI) and emptying status.
  • Treatment involved behavioral modification (BM), with secondary options including medications and botulinum toxin.

Main Results:

  • BM improved symptoms in 55% of children.
  • Medication, particularly alpha blockers, resolved symptoms in 80% of BM non-responders.
  • Children with incomplete emptying (IE) responded better to alpha blockers, while those with complete emptying (CE) responded better to anticholinergics.

Conclusions:

  • Stratifying children with LUT dysfunction by symptom group aids in selecting appropriate therapies.
  • A structured treatment algorithm can guide pediatric healthcare providers.
  • Most cases of LUT dysfunction are manageable with non-operative interventions.