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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
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Published on: October 12, 2017

Intermittent ureterovesical junction obstruction in children.

Luis Botelho1, Jose A Rincon, Hiep T Nguyen

  • 1Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Intermittent ureterovesical junction obstruction, a previously undescribed condition, presents with flank pain and nausea. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this rare cause of hydroureteronephrosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction is a known clinical entity.
  • Obstruction at the ureterovesical junction typically presents as a constant blockage.

Observation:

  • A case of intermittent ureterovesical junction obstruction was identified.
  • The condition presented with recurrent flank and abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Findings:

  • Ultrasonography revealed intermittent hydroureteronephrosis.
  • The intermittent nature of the obstruction was a key diagnostic feature.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of ureterovesical junction obstruction.
  • Recognizing this intermittent form is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of related symptoms.