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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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HIV-1-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC).

¹Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|March 8, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Antibodies facilitate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HIV-1 infected cells. This immune response, involving natural killer (NK) cells, is crucial for reducing viral load.

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Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

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Published on: November 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology

Background:

Antibodies generated during HIV-1 infection can link immune effector cells to infected cells.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) plays a role in controlling HIV-1 viral load.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms and types of ADCC activity in HIV-1 infection.
To assess the relevance of different ADCC assays in the context of HIV-1 disease progression.

Main Methods:

Assaying indirect ADCC using normal lymphocytes and HIV-1 patient sera.
Assaying direct ADCC using NK cells isolated from HIV-1 infected individuals.
Utilizing chromium-51 release assays to measure target cell lysis.

Main Results:

Two types of ADCC were identified: indirect and direct.
Indirect ADCC was observed in sera from HIV-1 infected individuals irrespective of disease stage.
Direct ADCC, mediated by NK cells from infected individuals, showed declining activity as HIV-1 disease progressed.

Conclusions:

Both indirect and direct ADCC mechanisms contribute to controlling HIV-1.
Direct ADCC activity in NK cells may serve as a more relevant indicator of disease progression in HIV-1 infection.