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Related Concept Videos

PCR01:32

PCR

Overview
PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction01:32

PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

Overview
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
Since the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies
09:00

Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies

Published on: May 22, 2012

Introduction to polymerase chain reaction.

M C Miller1, L Cunningham

  • 1PE Applied Biosystems, Silver Spring, MD.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA or RNA targets from small samples, enabling detection of single gene copies. This molecular biology technique is crucial for diverse research involving genetic material analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fundamental technique in molecular biology.
  • Since its 1985 inception, PCR has been widely adopted across DNA and RNA research.
  • It enables the amplification of specific genetic targets from minimal biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance and broad applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • To explain the amplification capabilities and detection limits of PCR.
  • To illustrate the versatility of PCR across various biological systems and sample types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for nucleic acid amplification.
  • Employs a process to amplify specific DNA or RNA targets.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies
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Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies

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Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection
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Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection

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Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer
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Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

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  • Facilitates the detection of single gene copies within various biological samples.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieves over a million-fold amplification of target DNA or RNA.
    • Requires only a small starting sample for amplification.
    • Enables detection of targets in as little as 2 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • PCR is an indispensable tool for molecular biology research.
    • The technique allows for sensitive detection of genetic material in diverse sources.
    • Its application spans from fresh cells to archival biological specimens.