Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Prognostic impact of lymphovascular invasion and efficacy of adjuvant therapy in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a single-center retrospective cohort study].

Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]ยท2026
Same author

Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify hepcidin in horse serum.

Journal of equine veterinary scienceยท2026
Same author

[Prognostic value of lymph node dissection in radical nephrectomy for cN0M0 renal cell carcinoma].

Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology]ยท2026
Same author

Early detection of renal cell carcinoma: a novel cell-free DNA fragmentomics-based liquid biopsy assay.

ESMO openยท2025
Same author

[Dynamic distribution and clearance of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA in brain extracellular space].

Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciencesยท2025
Same author

[<i>Gandou Bushen</i> Decoction improves spermatogenesis and promotes spermatogenic cell proliferation in Wilson disease TX mice by activating testicular ERK signaling pathway].

Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical Universityยท2024
Same journal

Erratum to: Immunotherapeutic Approach to Cancer with Cutaneous DNA Vaccination.

Methods in molecular medicineยท2015
Same journal

Methods for cancer gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes.

Methods in molecular medicineยท2014
Same journal

Suppression of the human carcinoma phenotype by an antioncogene ribozyme.

Methods in molecular medicineยท2014
Same journal

Methods for the use of stromal cells for therapeutic gene therapy.

Methods in molecular medicineยท2014
Same journal

Methods for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to synovium in vivo.

Methods in molecular medicineยท2014
Same journal

Methods for gene transfer to synovium.

Methods in molecular medicineยท2014
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
12:02

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

Azatides as peptidomimetics: solution and liquid phase syntheses.

H Han1, J Yoon, K D Janda

  • 1The Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peptidomimetics, altered peptides, are crucial in chemistry. Backbone modifications enable the creation of novel biomimetic polymers with unique biological and chemical properties.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets
13:42

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Published on: November 2, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
12:02

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets
13:42

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Published on: November 2, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Peptidomimetics are peptide analogs gaining significant importance.
  • Traditional modifications include side chain, extension, deletion, and substitution.
  • Recent advances focus on backbone modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the synthesis of biomimetic polymeric structures.
  • To investigate the potential of peptidomimetics as novel macromolecular scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Exploiting backbone modifications of peptides.
  • Synthesizing biomimetic polymeric structures.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of biomimetic polymers using backbone-modified peptidomimetics.
  • Demonstration of peptidomimetics as versatile scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Backbone modifications represent a key development in peptidomimetic chemistry.
  • Peptidomimetics offer promising scaffolds for generating macromolecules with novel properties.