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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Noncoding RNAs in gene regulation.

Maxime Wery1, Marta Kwapisz, Antonin Morillon

  • 1Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine
|March 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for gene regulation and genome stability, going beyond their traditional role as intermediaries. This review explores diverse ncRNA classes and their regulatory mechanisms in yeast and mammals, highlighting their link to diseases like cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Traditionally, RNAs were seen as intermediates between DNA and proteins.
  • Emerging evidence highlights noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as critical regulators of gene expression, genome stability, and chromatin.
  • Novel small and large ncRNAs have been discovered through advanced transcriptome analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review identified classes of ncRNAs in yeast and mammals.
  • To discuss the mechanisms through which ncRNAs regulate gene expression.
  • To highlight the conserved nature and disease relevance of ncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ncRNA research.
  • Analysis of transcriptome exploration data.
  • Comparative study across yeast and mammalian systems.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse ncRNA classes, including small interfering RNAs and microRNAs.
  • Discovery of novel conserved small and large ncRNAs.
  • Association of abnormal ncRNA expression with human diseases, notably cancer.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs play fundamental roles in gene regulation and cellular processes.
  • ncRNAs are conserved across species and implicated in various diseases.
  • Further research into ncRNA mechanisms is essential for understanding gene regulation and disease pathology.