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Related Concept Videos

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased by a...
Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia
10:37

Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia

Published on: November 25, 2022

[Relapsing borrelioses fevers: forgotten and new ones].

A E Platonov, V V Maleev, L S Karan'

    Terapevticheskii Arkhiv
    |March 9, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Relapsing fever borrelioses, caused by Borrelia bacteria, are underestimated tick-borne diseases. Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever agent, is now found in Ixodes ticks and causes human illness previously misdiagnosed.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Entomology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Bacteriology

    Context:

    • Relapsing fever borrelioses (RFB) are significant tick-borne diseases globally, often underestimated.
    • Pathogens differ genetically from Lyme borreliosis agents, with RFB transmitted by Ornithodoros ticks and Lyme by Ixodes ticks.

    Purpose:

    • To review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of traditional RFB.
    • To present new findings on Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever agent found in Ixodes ticks in Russia.
    • To highlight B. miyamotoi's role in erythema-negative tick-borne borreliosis cases.

    Summary:

    • Borrelia miyamotoi, a causative agent of relapsing fevers, has been identified in Ixodes ticks in Russia.
    • This species has been shown to cause multiple human infections previously diagnosed as erythema-free tick-borne borreliosis.

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    Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR

    Published on: February 4, 2018

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    Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

    Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia
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    Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia

    Published on: November 25, 2022

    A Model for Experimental Exposure of Humans to Larval Ixodes scapularis Ticks
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    A Model for Experimental Exposure of Humans to Larval Ixodes scapularis Ticks

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    Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR
    07:20

    Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR

    Published on: February 4, 2018

  • The review contrasts established RFB with emerging data on B. miyamotoi infections.

    • Impact:

    • Aids Russian physicians and scientists in managing both traditional and new tick-borne relapsing fevers.
    • Provides a foundation for further research into B. miyamotoi infections.
    • Enhances understanding of tick-borne disease epidemiology and clinical practice.