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Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies in paranoia and depression.

Carmen Valiente1, Dolores Cantero, Carmelo Vázquez

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Madrid, Spain. mcvalien@pdi.ucm.es

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|March 9, 2011
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Summary

Patients with persecutory delusions exhibit lower implicit self-esteem (SE) compared to healthy individuals. This study highlights the importance of implicit measures in understanding psychopathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychopathology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Self-esteem (SE) is crucial for mental well-being.
  • Previous research often relies on explicit self-report measures.
  • Implicit self-esteem may offer unique insights into psychological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem in patients with persecutory delusions.
  • To compare self-esteem levels across paranoid patients, depressed patients, and healthy controls.
  • To explore the role of psychological defense mechanisms in observed discrepancies.

Main Methods:

  • Implicit self-esteem was measured using the go/no-go association task.
  • Explicit self-esteem was assessed via the World Assumption Scale and Scales of Psychological Well-Being.
  • Study included three groups: paranoid patients, depressed patients, and healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Depressed patients reported lower explicit self-esteem than paranoid and healthy participants.
  • Patients with persecutory delusions demonstrated significantly lower implicit self-esteem than healthy controls.
  • Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem were noted in the paranoid group.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit self-esteem is significantly lower in individuals with persecutory delusions.
  • The disparity between implicit and explicit self-esteem in paranoid patients may indicate defense mechanisms.
  • Implicit measures are vital for a comprehensive understanding of psychopathology.