Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026

09:03
Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement (PMSM), for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
Published on: February 29, 2020
The media do matter: comment on Steinberg and Monahan (2011)
1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. jane_brown@unc.edu
Developmental Psychology
|March 9, 2011
Summary
Media exposure significantly influences adolescent sexual socialization. A reanalysis of a key study had methodological flaws, reinforcing the original finding that media plays a crucial role.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Developmental Psychology
- Media Studies
Background:
- The role of media in adolescent sexual socialization is a critical area of research.
- Previous studies, including Brown et al. (2006), indicated a significant media influence.
- A reanalysis by Steinberg and Monahan (2011) questioned these findings.
Discussion:
- The reanalysis by Steinberg and Monahan (2011) did not adhere to current standards for propensity score analysis.
- Methodological limitations in the reanalysis render its conclusions invalid.
- The original findings of Brown et al. (2006) remain robust and scientifically supported.
Key Insights:
- Media exposure is a significant factor in the sexual socialization of adolescents.
- Propensity score analysis requires rigorous methodological adherence for valid conclusions.
- The influence of media on adolescent sexual behavior warrants continued investigation.
Outlook:
- Further research employing robust methodologies is needed to fully understand media's impact.
- Educational interventions can leverage media literacy to promote healthy sexual development.
- Policy discussions regarding media content and adolescent well-being should consider these findings.
Related Concept Videos
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting
Altercasting is a strategic communication technique in which an individual imposes a specific identity or social role onto another person to influence their behavior and shape the interaction. By presuming a role—such as “responsible leader” or “patient person”—altercasting encourages the target to conform to that identity, often aligning their behavior with the expectations associated with the role. The power of this tactic lies in its subtlety; once a role is assigned, it becomes socially...
Statistical Significance
Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
Stereotype Content Model
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances
Appearance is a multidimensional aspect of self-presentation that encompasses observable attributes such as clothing, grooming, speech, and nonverbal behavior. These elements are often strategically managed to align with socially constructed expectations in different settings. For instance, individuals tailor their appearance during job interviews, social gatherings, or athletic events to meet the perceived norms of those environments.Contextual Adaptation and Social SignalsThe research...
Impact of Social Context on Individuals
Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...

