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From lead management to implanted patient management: indications to lead extraction in pacemaker and
Igor Diemberger1, Mauro Biffi, Cristian Martignani
1Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy. igor.diemberger@gmail.com
Abstract:
Based on the published results primarily from cohort studies, percutaneous lead extraction is now considered a safe procedure and indications for its use have broadened from device-related infections to less strict indications, such as recurrent isolated bacteremia, asymptomatic upper vein occlusion and malfunctioning/redundant leads. Almost 50% of electrophysiologists consider lead extraction in these latter situations. To broaden its implementation, further prospective evaluation against conservative approaches is still needed. Rather than only aiming at short-term results, this technique should be integrated into wide-ranging tailored long-term strategies to manage all of the different issues of implanted patients.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
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