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Related Concept Videos

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

A novel model for diffusion based release kinetics using an inverse numerical method.

Hadi Mohammadi1, Walter Herzog

  • 1The Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. hadim74@gmail.com

Medical Engineering & Physics
|March 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel inverse numerical model for drug release dynamics, accurately predicting the entire process. The model enhances experimental precision by minimizing errors in diffusion-based release kinetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery
  • Computational Modeling
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of drug release kinetics is crucial for effective therapeutic delivery.
  • Existing models often require separate descriptions for short-term and long-term drug release.
  • Identifying and reducing experimental errors in diffusion-based release measurements remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a unified inverse numerical model for drug release dynamics based on Fick's second law.
  • To create a model valid for the entire drug release process, overcoming limitations of previous approaches.
  • To provide a tool for identifying and reducing experimental errors in diffusion-based release kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an inverse numerical model utilizing Fick's second law.
  • Employed Lagrange multiplier methods and least-square algorithms to define and optimize a cost function.
  • Utilized finite difference methods for the discretization of the cost function.
  • Validated the model against established methods for accuracy and computational efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model accurately describes diffusion-based drug release kinetics for both static and dynamic conditions.
  • The model is valid for the entire drug release process, unlike previous two-state models.
  • Achieved comparable accuracy to finite element methods with significantly reduced computational time.
  • Demonstrated potential for identifying and minimizing experimental errors in release kinetics measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed inverse numerical model offers a unified and efficient approach to simulating drug release dynamics.
  • This method can improve the accuracy and reliability of experimental measurements in drug delivery research.
  • The model has broad applicability in drug release procedures and tissue engineering applications requiring controlled oxygenation.