Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Presentation of the protective epitope in a Chlamydia muridarum MOMP vaccine is dependent on γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT).

ImmunoHorizons·2026
Same author

Neonatal Sepsis from 2014 to 2024: The Resurgence of Gram-Negative Rods.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Going for three: what is the role for triplex testing for HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV?

ASM case reports·2026
Same author

Decontamination approaches and strategies for the prevention of sink drain-related healthcare-associated infections.

Clinical microbiology reviews·2025
Same author

Evaluation of the Hologic Panther Fusion investigational use only assays for gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2025
Same author

Factors associated with persistent bloodstream infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Essential glycan-dependent interactions optimize MHC class I peptide loading.

Pamela A Wearsch1, David R Peaper, Peter Cresswell

  • 1Department of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calreticulin (CRT) and ERp57 are key in assembling MHC class I molecules with peptides. This study reveals how CRT enhances peptide loading by stabilizing interactions, a process regulated by UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1.

More Related Videos

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells
13:58

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells

Published on: October 22, 2012

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells
13:58

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells

Published on: October 22, 2012

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Protein Biochemistry

Background:

  • MHC class I molecules present peptides to T cells, a critical immune process.
  • Glycoprotein quality control machinery, including calreticulin (CRT) and ERp57, is vital for MHC class I assembly.
  • The peptide-loading complex (PLC) facilitates the final step of loading high-affinity peptides onto MHC class I.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of calreticulin (CRT) in the glycoprotein quality control machinery during MHC class I assembly.
  • To investigate the mechanism of peptide loading and the specific roles of individual PLC components.
  • To examine the nature of the MHC class I/CRT intermediate and its engagement with the PLC.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstitution of a peptide-loading complex (PLC) subcomplex using purified, recombinant proteins, excluding the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing.
  • Analysis of mutations affecting CRT interactions with ERp57 and MHC class I glycans.
  • In vitro assays using a recombinant Drosophila UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 enzyme to assess its role in MHC class I assembly.

Main Results:

  • ERp57 disulfide-linked to tapasin and CRT were identified as the minimal PLC components essential for MHC class I association and peptide loading.
  • Disruption of CRT interactions with ERp57 or MHC class I glycans abolished PLC activity in vitro.
  • Direct evidence was provided for UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1's role in MHC class I assembly, as it reglucosylated MHC class I with suboptimal peptides, enabling PLC reengagement and high-affinity peptide exchange.

Conclusions:

  • Calreticulin (CRT) within the PLC enhances weak tapasin/MHC class I interactions in a glycan-dependent manner.
  • The activity of CRT in the PLC is regulated by UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1.
  • This study provides detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms governing MHC class I peptide loading and quality control.