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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

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Antiferro-quadrupolar structures in UPd3 inferred from x-ray resonant Bragg diffraction.

Javier Fernández-Rodríguez1, Stephen W Lovesey, Jesús A Blanco

  • 1European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers analyzed x-ray diffraction data for UPd(3) and identified new space groups for its low-temperature phases. This study reveals crucial details about structural phase transitions and quadrupolar ordering in this material.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Uranium palladium compounds (UPd(3)) exhibit complex phase behavior.
  • Understanding structural transitions is key to predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction data for UPd(3).
  • To determine the space groups of UPd(3) during its low-temperature structural phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction
  • Signal enhancement at the Uranium M(IV) edge
  • Analysis of diffraction data across different temperature ranges.

Main Results:

  • New space groups determined for UPd(3) phases: P 222(1) between 7.8 K and 6.9 K, and P2(1) between 6.7 K and 4.4 K.
  • Identification of quadrupolar order parameters ({Q(ab)}) in the lower temperature phase.
  • Specific Bragg reflections ((103) and (104)) linked to distinct quadrupolar order parameters ({Q(xz)}, {Q(yz)}, and {Q(xy)}).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a refined understanding of the crystallographic phases of UPd(3).
  • The findings contribute to the knowledge of quadrupolar ordering and its relationship with structural transitions in UPd(3).