Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal tetrahedral value,...
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microcanonical inflection-point analysis via parametric curves and its relation to the zeros of the partition function.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Moment-generating function zeros in the study of phase transitions.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Effects of magnetic monopoles charge on the cracking reversal processes in artificial square ices.

Scientific reports·2020
Same author

Emergence and mobility of monopoles in a unidirectional arrangement of magnetic nanoislands.

Nanotechnology·2015
Same author

Magnetic anisotropy of elongated thin ferromagnetic nano-islands for artificial spin ice arrays.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Phase transition in the two-dimensional dipolar planar rotator model.

L A S Mól1, B V Costa

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. lucasmol@ufv.br

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Extensive simulations reveal new critical exponents for the dipolar planar rotator model (dPRM), challenging existing universality classes. These findings suggest unique phase transition behavior in this long-range interacting system.

More Related Videos

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing
06:15

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing

Published on: August 13, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing
06:15

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing

Published on: August 13, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The dipolar planar rotator model (dPRM), or dipolar XY model, is crucial for understanding systems with long-range interactions.
  • Investigating its phase transitions is key to validating theoretical models and understanding magnetic phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately determine the critical exponents and critical temperature of the dPRM using advanced simulation techniques.
  • To compare these findings with existing universality classes and recent theoretical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive Monte Carlo simulations were employed to model the dPRM.
  • Finite size scaling theory was applied to analyze the simulation data.
  • The Ewald summation technique was used to incorporate the true long-range nature of dipolar interactions.

Main Results:

  • The critical temperature was found to be T(c) = 1.201(1).
  • The calculated critical exponents (ν = 1.277(2), β = 0.2065(4), γ = 2.218(5)) do not align with known universality classes.
  • The specific heat appears to be non-divergent at the critical point.

Conclusions:

  • The dPRM exhibits phase transition behavior distinct from established universality classes.
  • The results support previous findings that utilized a cutoff in dipolar interactions, suggesting the importance of interaction range.
  • Discrepancies with recent renormalization group studies highlight the need for further investigation into long-range interacting models.