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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

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Magnon Bose-Einstein condensation and spin superfluidity.

Yuriy M Bunkov¹, Grigory E Volovik

¹Institut Néel, CNRS and UJF, BP 166, F-38042, Grenoble, France. Yuriy.Bunkov@Grenoble.CNRS.Fr

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|March 10, 2011

Summary

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See all related articles

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in magnons, or elementary magnetic excitations, creates a coherent spin precession state. This magnon BEC exhibits spin superfluidity, including spin supercurrents and topological defects, distinct from mass superfluidity.

Area of Science:

Quantum Physics
Condensed Matter Physics
Magnetism

Background:

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) describes a quantum state where numerous particles occupy the lowest energy level.
Magnons, as elementary magnetic excitations, can form a BEC, leading to collective quantum phenomena in magnetic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons, a quantum phenomenon in magnetic subsystems.
To explore the properties and manifestations of magnon BEC, including coherent spin precession and spin superfluidity.

Main Methods:

Observation of coherent spin precession in superfluid 3He-B, termed homogeneously precessing domain (HPD).
Utilizing continuous Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) pumping to create and stabilize the magnon BEC.

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Investigating phenomena such as spin supercurrents, Josephson effects, and spin current vortices.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that magnon BEC manifests as a state of spontaneously emerging precessing spins with common frequency and phase.
Observed spin superfluidity in HPD, characterized by spin supercurrents flowing independently of mass currents.
Documented various states of coherent precession, including HPD, Q-balls, fractional magnetization, and new modes in aerogel.

Conclusions:

Coherent spin precession in superfluid 3He represents a true Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons.
Spin superfluidity, including spin supercurrents and associated phenomena, is a key characteristic of magnon BEC.
Spin-orbit coupling plays a crucial role in the magnon interaction term within the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for different magnon BEC states.