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Related Concept Videos

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Two-dimensional systems with competing interactions: microphase formation versus liquid-vapour phase separation.

Dieter F Schwanzer1, Gerhard Kahl

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Material Science (CMS), Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria. schwanzer@cmt.tuwien.ac.at

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores two-dimensional systems with attractive and repulsive potentials, revealing that microphase formation and liquid-vapor transitions depend on model parameters. Precursors to microphase formation are identified in the homogeneous fluid phase.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Investigating phase behavior in two-dimensional systems is crucial for understanding complex materials.
  • Particles interacting via combined attractive and repulsive potentials exhibit diverse phase transitions.
  • Previous studies focused on specific systems, leaving broader parameter space unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase behavior of two-dimensional model systems with short-range attraction and long-range repulsion.
  • To determine the influence of model parameters on microphase formation and liquid-vapor transitions.
  • To identify precursors of microphase formation in the homogeneous fluid phase.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive integral-equation calculations.
  • Complementary Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Analysis of structure functions to identify density fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for both microphase formation and liquid-vapor transitions observed, contingent on model parameters.
  • Identification of a critical wavenumber k(c) indicating density fluctuations and precursors to microphase formation in the homogeneous phase.
  • Clear trends in critical point position and coexistence branches for systems exhibiting liquid-vapor separation.

Conclusions:

  • The phase behavior of these two-dimensional systems is tunable via model parameters, leading to distinct transitions.
  • Precursory phenomena in the homogeneous phase provide insights into low-temperature microphase structures.
  • The study advances understanding of phase transitions in systems with competing interactions.