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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

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Published on: September 26, 2019

Lipid pathway alterations in Parkinson's disease primary visual cortex.

Danni Cheng¹, Andrew M Jenner, Guanghou Shui

¹Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

|March 10, 2011

Summary

Parkinson's disease alters lipid metabolism in the visual cortex, even without visible pathology. Targeting these lipid changes may offer new treatments for visual disturbances in Parkinson's patients.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Published on: September 26, 2019

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Histological Examination of Mitochondrial Morphology in a Parkinson's Disease Model

Histological Examination of Mitochondrial Morphology in a Parkinson's Disease Model

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Metabolomics

Background:

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects various brain regions.
The primary visual cortex (PVC) is often spared from gross pathology in PD.
Other regions like the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex show Lewy bodies in PD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate lipidomic alterations in the human Parkinson's disease brain.
To compare lipid profiles in the visually unaffected primary visual cortex with brain regions exhibiting pathology.

Main Methods:

Lipidomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Analysis of 200 lipid species, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, cholesterol, and oxysterols.
Gene expression analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for lipid metabolism and oxidative stress genes.

Main Results:

Significant changes in 73 lipid species were found in the visual cortex of PD patients compared to controls (p<0.05, q<0.05).
Fewer significant lipid changes were observed in the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, not persisting after false discovery rate analysis.
Increased oxysterols were detected in the PD visual cortex, correlating with altered gene expression in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress pathways.

Conclusions:

Lipid metabolism is altered in the Parkinson's disease visual cortex, independent of overt neuropathology.
These findings suggest targeting lipid metabolism or oxidative stress in the visual cortex as a potential therapeutic strategy.
This approach may help alleviate non-motor symptoms like visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease patients.